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8 Things to Know The tonsils and adenoids are lymphoid tissue that trap bacteria and viruses in the sides of our throat and the back of our nose. Usually, they are largest between 2 to 8 years old. They may also increase in size and not go down after repeated infections and untreated nasal allergies.

An allergy happens when our body’s immune system produces an exaggerated response to a normally harmless substance (allergen). An overwhelming response with antibodies results in powerful inflammatory chemicals released. The symptoms are itchy ears, nose and throat; sneezing, runny or blocked nose, headache; cough, sore throat and hoarseness; dark circles under the eyes and conjunctivitis.

Some babies may be born with outer ears that are malformed (smaller or constricted). Others may be born with ears that are deformed (differently shaped, lacking or having extra folds). Some may have prominent (cupped, “bat” or “telephone”) ears. This is different from babies who have microtia. (HYPERLINK To MICROTIA page on my website) Though

A. Head and neck lumps Causes:The most common lumps are neck lymph nodes swelling from infections and congenital thyroglossal and branchial cysts. Other lumps are vascular lesions, lymphangiomas, salivary gland (parotid, thyroid and sublingual) and floor of mouth lesions. Cancers are less common in children, with many malignancies being blood cell origin. Importance:Lymph nodes more

For children, instead of snoring, many have open mouth breathing as their nose passages are tiny. The child is restless, tossing and turning in sleep with mouth open and often bed wetting. Snoring needs to be evaluated to exclude central or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and upper airway resistance syndrome, where there is blood oxygen

Tonsil and adenoid enlargement or infection Causes:Tonsils and adenoid enlargements in children may have intrinsic, unknown or infective origins. Importance:Adenoid and tonsil enlargement may result in blocked breathing passages, and snoring, which may be associated with reduced oxygen delivery to the brain and vital organs. Long term, it may contribute to reduced attention span and

Epistaxis CausesNasal causes are usually picking of the nose, especially with allergic rhinitis. It can be due to foreign body, polyp, tumor, nose bone deviation or trauma. Systemic causes include blood disorders and certain drugs.(Read More: First Aid for Nose Bleeds) Investigations offered:Anterior nose can be examined with speculum and good headlight. Posterior nose and